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1.
Rev. nutr ; 23(3): 459-465, maio-jun. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-561439

ABSTRACT

Embora ainda existam sociedades indígenas que mantêm um modo tradicional de viver, nas quais uma alimentação adequada em quantidade e qualidade provém da caça e da prática de agricultura, a maioria dos índios vem sofrendo um processo de aculturação oriundo do contato com a civilização urbana, pois eles não mais dispõem de terra suficiente que garanta a subsistência. Desse modo, acabam tornando-se dependentes do comércio local e consumindo alimentos industrializados que podem ser prejudiciais à saúde bucal e ao estado nutricional. A presente comunicação tem como objetivo identificar a influência da transição alimentar, devido ao contato com a civilização urbana, no estado nutricional e na condição bucal da população indígena brasileira. Os dados relacionados nessa investigação foram obtidos na base de dados do SciELO e do MedLine, PubMed, pesquisando-se os termos de indexação: "índios sul-americanos", "comportamento alimentar", "estado nutricional", "saúde bucal". Estudos revelaram a prevalência de desnutrição infantil, sobrepeso e obesidade em adultos, índice de cárie elevado e doença periodontal nas comunidades indígenas que vêm passando por mudanças de hábitos culturais. Conclui-se que a transição alimentar pode levar a desordens nutricionais e ao desenvolvimento de doenças bucais, sugerindo a necessidade de uma intervenção e/ou monitoramento por meio de programas dirigidos à assistência à saúde, ao saneamento básico, ao acesso à terra e à educação.


Although there are still some indigenous societies that have maintained their traditional way of life, where food consumption in terms of amount and quality is based on hunting and agriculture, most indigenous peoples have been undergoing an acculturation process secondary to the contact with urban civilizations, since they no longer have enough land to guarantee their subsistence. Thus, they become dependent on local trade and consume processed foods that may be harmful to their oral health and nutritional status. The objective of this communication is to identify the influence of the dietary transition due to contact with urban civilization on the nutritional status and oral condition of native Brazilian populations. The data included in this investigation were obtained from the SciELO and MedLine, PubMed databases using the keywords: "South American natives", "dietary behavior", "nutritional status", "oral health". Studies have revealed a prevalence of childhood malnutrition, adult overweight and obesity, high caries rates and periodontal disease in the native Brazilian communities that have been experiencing changes in their cultural habits. In conclusion, dietary transition can lead to nutritional disorders and the development of oral diseases, suggesting the need for health care and basic sanitation programs and access to land and education, in order to intervene in or monitor these occurrences.

2.
Rev. saúde pública ; 42(1): 154-157, fev. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-471415

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a concentração de flúor na água engarrafada comercializada, comparando-a aos valores impressos no rótulo da embalagem. Foram coletadas 229 amostras de água das 35 marcas disponíveis em diversos supermercados, mercearias e lanchonetes de grande circulação nas diferentes regiões do município de São Paulo, em 2006. A concentração de flúor foi determinada por análise em duplicata, utilizando o eletrodo íon-específico. A concentração de flúor variou entre 0,01 e 2,04 mg/l, com diferenças significantes entre os valores estipulados nos rótulos e os encontrados com a análise. Esses resultados reforçam a importância do controle dos níveis de flúor na água engarrafada por parte da vigilância sanitária.


The objective of the study was to evaluate the fluoride concentration in bottled water available on the market, in comparison with the values printed on the bottle label. Two hundred and twenty-nine water samples were collected from 35 brands available in several supermarkets, grocery stores and snack bars with high turnover in different regions of the municipality of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2006. Fluoride concentrations were determined by duplicate analysis using an ion-specific electrode. The fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 2.04 mg/l, with significant differences between the values stipulated on labels and those found in the analyses. These results emphasize the importance of controls over fluoride levels in bottled water enforced by the sanitary surveillance agency.


Subject(s)
Fluorine Compounds , Product Labeling , Health Surveillance , Drinking Water
3.
Rev. ABENO ; 8(2): 167-173, 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-859608

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o perfil educacional, o desempenho acadêmico nas diferentes disciplinas e a valorização à pesquisa. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo realizado por meio da coleta de dados secundários, pautado no posicionamento do aluno em seu ingresso na instituição e no desempenho durante o curso de odontologia, nas diferentes atividades básicas, clínicas e de extensão. A amostra foi constituída por egressos do curso de odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru ­ Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP), no período de 2001 a 2005 (n = 244), sendo 45,9 % do gênero masculino e 54,1% feminino. A maior parte dos alunos que entra no curso de Odontologia da FOB-USP é proveniente de ensino fundamental e médio de escolas particulares, predominantemente do período diurno, prepararam-se em cursinho pré-vestibular e grau de escolaridade dos pais em nível superior. Os alunos que obtiveram melhor classificação no exame vestibular apresentaram melhor desempenho durante a graduação nas disciplinas básicas e clínicas (p = 0,001 e p = 0,026), não houve, porém, essa correlação com as disciplinas de extensão (p = 0,577). Mais da metade dos alunos se interessou e desenvolveu iniciação científica (52,8%). Conclui-se que o desempenho nas disciplinas de graduação esteve relacionado à classificação no vestibular, a maioria dos estudantes desenvolveu pesquisas em iniciação científica e a IES avaliada conseguiu oferecer o tripé necessário à formação dos profissionais, envolvendo ensino, pesquisa e extensão (AU).


The purpose of this study was to identify educational profile and academic performance in the different disciplines, and to determine the importance given to scientific initiation. It was a retrospective study carried out by collecting secondary data, based on how the student ranked upon entry to the institution, and his dentistry course performance in the different basic, clinical and extension disciplines. The sample was made up of students who graduated from the Dentistry course at the Bauru Dental School ­ São Paulo University (FOB-USP), between the years of 2001 and 2005 (n=244), 45 .9% of whom were male and 54 .1% were female . Most of the people who enroll in the FOB-USP Dentistry course come from private elementary and high schools, mostly attending morn- ing classes. They take preparatory college-board courses and have parents that have completed college. The best qualified students on the college entrance exam showed the best performance in college, in basic and clinical disciplines (p=0 .001 and p=0 .026); however, this correlation did not apply to the extension disciplines (p=0 .577) . More than half of the students were interested in and engaged in a scientific initiation program (52 .8%) . It can be concluded that the student's performance in certain disciplines was related to his/her rank on the college entrance exam. In the present study the higher education institution assessed offered the necessary three-pronged base to provide training to professionals, namely, education, research and extension activities (AU).


Subject(s)
Education, Dental , Educational Measurement , Guidelines as Topic/standards , Students, Dental , Retrospective Studies
4.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 4(13): 725-729, Apr.-June 2005.
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-412550

ABSTRACT

This study quantified study projects involving human beings analyzed by the Research Ethics Committees (RECs) of University of São Paulo at Bauru, comprising the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies and Bauru Dental School. The projects were analyzed by retrospective observational study in a six-year period(1998-2003), in all study areas. The sample comprised 1,246 study projects, being 687 at HRAC and 559 at FOB. The numbers of projects analyzed each year at HRAC and FOB were, respectively: 1998 (54, 8), 1999 (72, 38), 2000 (130, 78), 2001 (66, 138), 2002 (191, 195), and 2003 (174, 102). Projects were divided into approved (587, 381), not approved (13, 10), pending (62, 109) and pprovedwith recommendation (25, 59). Projects submitted to the REC of HRAC were mainly related to Speech Therapy (174), followed by Applied Social Work (58); with regard to the REC of FOB, 101 addressed the area of Speech Therapy, followed by Prosthodontics (n=71), Orthodontics (n=69) and Public Health Dentistry (n=65). The main reasons for returning of the projects were: informed consent term; methodology; consent from the institutions; explanation onfinancial resources; incorrect filling of forms; risk definition; timetable. It was concluded that the role played by RECs is fundamental, since they assure the requirement of autonomy, and the requirement to protect those whose autonomy is reduced


Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethics , Dentistry , Ethics Committees , Ethics, Dental , Ethics, Research , Forensic Sciences
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